Kugucugucuka kwesimo selitulu

Ngekusetjentiswa lokujwayelekile, Kugucuka kweSimo selitulu kuchaza Kufutfumala kwemhlaba - kukhula lokuchubekako kwesimo selizinga lekushisa kwemhlaba - kanye nemitselela yako eluhlelweni lwesimo selitulu. Kugucugucuka kwesimo selitulu kufaka ekhatsi tingucuko tesikhatsi lesidze tesimo selituli. Kukhuphuka kwanyalo kwesilinganiso sekushisa kwemhlaba kubangelwe kakhulu bantfu ngekushisa tintfo tekubasa kusukela ngesikhatsi se-Industrial Revolution.^[1] Kusetjentiswa kwabo-petrol nabo diesel, kugawulwa kwetihlahla, kanye naletinye tindlela tekulima nekutfutfuka kwemunotfo, emagesi langcolisa umhlaba.^[2] Lama-gas abamba lokunye kwekushisa lokukhishwa ngumhlaba ngemuva kwekushisa lokuphuma elangeni, kufutfumeta umhlaba. I-carbon dioxide, igesi lenkhulu leyenta kutsi umhlaba ufutfumele, ikhule ngemaphesenti lacishe abe ngu-50 futsi seyivele ingasabonakali tigidzi teminyaka.^[3]

Kugucugucuka kwesimo selitulu kunemtselela lomkhulu emhlabeni. Koma kwemhlaba kuyakhula, kanye nekushisa lokungetulu, nemililo yemahlatsi sekuvame kakhulu.^[4] Kufutfumala lokukhulu e-Arctic kufake sandla ekunciphiseni sitfwatfwa, kwehla kwelichwa kanye nekwehla kwelichwe elwandle.^[5] Lokugucugucuka kwesimo selitulu selitulu kubangela nekwandza tiphepho letinkhulu, somiso, kanye naletinye timo telitulu letibi kakhulu. Kugucugucuka lokusheshako kwemvelo etintsabeni, Ema-coral reefs, kanye ne-i-Arctic kuphocelela tilwane letinyenti kutsi tibalekele kuletinye tindzawo noma tife tize tiphele.^[6] Ngisho nobe imitamo yekunciphisa kufutfumala kwesikhatsi lesitako iphumelela, leminye imiphumela yalokugucugucuka kwesimo selitulu itawuchubeka emakhulwini eminyaka. Loku kufaka ekhatsi kushisa kwelwandle, i-acidification yelwandle kanye nekwenyuka kwelizinga lwelwandle.^[7]

Kugucuka kwesimo selitulu kunebungoti bekukhula kwetikhukhula, kushisa kakhulu ngalokwecile, kuswelakala kwekudla nemanti, kwandza kwetifo letinyenti, kanye nekulahlekelwa ngumnotfo. Bantfu bangahle bashiye emakhaya abo ngenca yalobungoti bekugucugucuka kwesimo selitulu.^[8] Inhlangano Yetemphilo Yemhlaba (WHO) ibita kugucugucuka kwesimo selitulu ngekutsi ngulenye yetingcinamba letinkhulu temphilo kuleminyaka lesikiwo.^[9] Imiphakatsi kanye netinhlelo temvelo titawubhekana netingoti letinkhulu uma kungentiwa lutfo ngalesimo. Kutilungiselela kutsi siphile kulesimo ngekutsi sente imitamo lefana netindlela tekuvikela tikhukhula nobe sihlanyele tibhidvo letingabulawa somiso, kunciphisa bungoti bekugucuka kwesimo selitulu.^[10] Imiphakatsi lephuyile ngiyo lesebungotini balobungoti bekugucugucuka kwesimo selitulu noma yona ingakafaki kanganani labogesi labafaka i-carbon dioxideinemtfwalo wekukhicita lokuncane emhlabeni wonkhe, kepha inemandla lamancane ekutivumelanisa nekugucuka kwesimo selitulu.^[11]

Lakutsatselwekhona

↑ iThempleti:Harvnb: "Climate change is playing an increasing role in determining wildfire regimes alongside human activity (medium confidence), with future climate variability expected to enhance the risk and severity of wildfires in many biomes such as tropical rainforests (high confidence)."
↑ iThempleti:Harvnb: "Since the pre-industrial period, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature (high confidence). Climate change... contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions (high confidence)."
↑ https://gml.noaa.gov/aggi/
↑ iThempleti:Harvnb: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of iThempleti:CO2 and declining net anthropogenic non-iThempleti:CO2 radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."
↑ Senftleben, Daniel; Lauer, Axel; Karpechko, Alexey (2020-02-15). "Constraining Uncertainties in CMIP5 Projections of September Arctic Sea Ice Extent with Observations". Journal of Climate. 33 (4): 1487–1503. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082791
↑ iThempleti:Harvnb: "Effectiveness¹⁵ of adaptation in reducing climate risks¹⁶ is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence)...Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."
↑ https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter02.pdf
↑ https://internationaldirector.com/finance/the-industries-and-countries-most-vulnerable-to-climate-change/
↑ https://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change#tab=tab_1
↑ https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20220518083042/https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=11178

[1] Thempleti:Harvnb: "Climate change is playing an increasing role in determining wildfire regimes alongside human activity (medium confidence), with future climate variability expected to enhance the risk and severity of wildfires in many biomes such as tropical rainforests (high confidence)."

[2] Thempleti:Harvnb: "Since the pre-industrial period, the land surface air temperature has risen nearly twice as much as the global average temperature (high confidence). Climate change... contributed to desertification and land degradation in many regions (high confidence)."

[3] ttps://gml.noaa.gov/aggi/

[4] Thempleti:Harvnb: "Sustained net zero anthropogenic emissions of iThempleti:CO2 and declining net anthropogenic non-iThempleti:CO2 radiative forcing over a multi-decade period would halt anthropogenic global warming over that period, although it would not halt sea level rise or many other aspects of climate system adjustment."

[5] Senftleben, Daniel; Lauer, Axel; Karpechko, Alexey (2020-02-15). "Constraining Uncertainties in CMIP5 Projections of September Arctic Sea Ice Extent with Observations". Journal of Climate. 33 (4): 1487–1503. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082791

[6] Thempleti:Harvnb: "Effectiveness¹⁵ of adaptation in reducing climate risks¹⁶ is documented for specific contexts, sectors and regions (high confidence)...Soft limits to adaptation are currently being experienced by small-scale farmers and households along some low-lying coastal areas (medium confidence) resulting from financial, governance, institutional and policy constraints (high confidence). Some tropical, coastal, polar and mountain ecosystems have reached hard adaptation limits (high confidence). Adaptation does not prevent all losses and damages, even with effective adaptation and before reaching soft and hard limits (high confidence)."

[7] ttps://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGII_Chapter02.pdf

[8] ttps://internationaldirector.com/finance/the-industries-and-countries-most-vulnerable-to-climate-change/

[9] ttps://www.who.int/health-topics/climate-change#tab=tab_1

[10] ttps://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf

[11] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20220518083042/https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=11178

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